Stainless steels are iron alloys known for their corrosion resistance. Corrosion resistance is imparted by high concentrations of chromium alloyed into the metal. 316 stainless steel, which has particularly high corrosion resistance, is commonly used for surgical instruments. This low-carbon steel alloy contains 16–18% chromium, 10–14% nickel, 2–3% molybdenum, up to 2% manganese, and other elements in lower concentrations. The corrosion resistance of stainless steel results from a hard oxide coating that forms upon exposure to air and protects the underlying metal form chemical attack. 316 stainless steel is used for most surgical instruments that do not have a cutting edge.
