Modeling

Engineering definition

“Modeling” has three common meanings for engineers:

1. CAD modeling, where the engineer uses computer software to create the geometry of a part. The acronym “CAD” itself has two meanings: computer aided design and computer aided drafting. This difference is subtle and depends on how the software is used.
2. Prototype modeling engineering, which is more common in industrial and research engineering. The Prototyping Model is a systems development method (SDM) in which a prototype (an early approximation of a final system or product) is built, tested, and then reworked as necessary until an acceptable prototype is finally achieved from which the complete system or product can now be developed.
3. Mathematical modeling, which is a simplified representation of a real physical system that can be expressed as a mathematical equation. Mathematical models are used to perform simulations to predict system performance under various conditions, and they can provide a theoretical understanding of complex system behavior. Generally, mathematical modeling is performed using a computer to solve a system of differential equations in a reasonable amount of time. Mathematical models can be used to conduct virtual experiments at a fraction of the cost and more quickly than actual physical experiments. Using simulations to predict the performance of complex systems is one of the strengths of using engineering methods.

Medical definition

“Modeling” has two common meanings:

1. The act of shaping. Physical structures within the body can be modeled to the correct shape through, for example, plastic surgery. Bones are said to be remodeled as they heal. As a working definition, one can think of modeling clay.
2. Animal models. In an animal model, studies are performed using such animals as rats to understand the outcome of the administration of a drug, surgical procedure, or other experimental condition. These studies are used to discover potential outcomes before conducting studies on humans.

Confusion

Engineers and medical professionals use models as representations of another system. Experiments are performed on the model—either an animal or on a computer—to test the effect of various input conditions. There are advantages and disadvantages to each type of modeling. Engineers and clinicians who work together would each benefit from understanding these differences so that the best approach may be selected based on the specific problem or question.